Books
Purnama, Y, and Rakhmat, M., China-Indonesia
Relations: 2024 Year in Review and 2025 Outlook ,
Jakarta: CELIOS Publishing House, 2025.
Purnama, Y, and Rakhmat, M., China-Indonesia
Relations: 2023 Year in Review and 2024 Outlook ,
Jakarta: CELIOS Publishing House, 2024.
Purnama, Y., et. al.,The Political
Economy of Indonesia-GCC Relations , Yogyakarta: Pustaka
Pelajar, 2021 (in Bahasa Indonesia).
Purnama, Y., et. al.,Two Decades of Relations between Indonesia & China Challenges and the
Future , Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2021 (in Bahasa Indonesia).
Purnama, Y., et. al.,The
Political Economy of China-Indonesia Relations in 2020, Jakarta:
INDEF, 2020 (in Bahasa Indonesia).
Chapters in edited books
Purnama, Y., et al.,
"China and India in Indonesia: Trilateral or 2 versus 1?"
in Ranjan, A,
Chattoraj, D and Ullah, AKM., eds., India and China in Southeast Asia, New Delhi: Palgrave
Macmillan, 2024.
Purnama, Y., et al.,
“Notes on Global Politics.” in Institute
for Global Strategic Studies International Relations Department Universitas Islam Indonesia.
Busan: Sejong Press, 2023.
Peer-reviewed article in journals
Purnama, Y, et al., “United Arab Emirates Soft Power Strategy towards Indonesia in
2015-2022." SUVANNABHUMI: Multi-disciplinary
Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 2023. Purnama, Y et al., “The Role and Obstacles of BAKAMLA Protecting the North
Natuna Sea in the Joko Widodo Era." Journal Defendonesia, 6(2), (2022). (in Bahasa
Indonesia). Purnama, Y et al., “Xi Jinping's
Application Of Communist Ideology As A Form Of Indoctrination To Chinese Society Through The
Althusserian Model." Khazanah Jurnal Mahasiswa, 13(1), (2021). (in Bahasa
Indonesia).
Reports/Policy briefs
Purnama, Y, et al., "The Fallout of PT Gunbuster Nickel Industry Closure."
Center of Economic and Law Studies, March 2025..
Purnama, Y, et al., "Looking Towards MENA
(Middle East and North Africa) Alternative Investment Partners for Indonesia’s Energy
Transition." Center of Economic and Law Studies, February 2025.
Purnama, Y, et al., "China-Indonesia Survey
2024: Insights into Indonesian Public Perceptions of China." Center of Economic and Law
Studies, November 2024. Purnama, Y, et al., "Redefining China's
"Debt-Trap": An Indonesian Perspective." Center of Economic and Law Studies, November
2024. Purnama, Y, et al., "China-Indonesia Provincial Index 2024." Center of Economic
and Law Studies, August 2024
Purnama, Y, et al., "Gulf and Asia in
2023-2024 - Beacon of Hope in a Continuing Global (Dis)order." AGDA Insight, February
2024. Purnama, Y, and Rakhmat, M., “Mapping The
Interactions Of Three 2024 Indonesian Presidential Candidates With China.” CELIOS Policy
Brief, August 2023.
Purnama, Y, and Rakhmat, M., "China's Belt
and Road Initiative in Indonesia: How to Avoid Low Investment Quality and Debt Traps?"
Center of Economic and Law Studies Policy Paper, June 2023.
Purnama, Y, et al., “Recontextualization of
Abangan in the Millennial Era.” Embun Kalimasada Monograph Series, December 2021. (in
Bahasa Indonesia).
Op-eds
"Qatar and Indonesia must channel their $4 billion fund into renewable energy"
Middle East Monitor.
26 June 2025. (Co-authored)
"China’s Big Bet on Indonesian Nickel Faces a Harsh Reckoning"
China Global South Project.
25 June 2025. (Co-authored)
"China Eases Transit Rules for Indonesians. Jakarta Should Push for More."
China Global South Project.
19 June 2025. (Co-authored)
"Indonesia’s
Russia-China Pivot: What Prabowo’s G7 Absence Really Means."
Australian Outlook.
18 June 2025. (Co-authored)
"A
troubling trend: The rise of pro-Israel voices in Indonesia."
Midle East Monitor.
11 June 2025. (Co-authored)
"Disinformation,
China and Indonesia’s Viral Battleground After Trump’s Tariffs."
Fair Observer.
9 June 2025. (Co-authored)
"ASEAN,
Gulf, and China Signal New Phase in Global South Climate Leadership."
China Global South Project.
6 June 2025. (Co-authored)
"Why the
China–ASEAN–GCC Summit Matters and What Comes Next."
China Global South Project.
29 May 2025. (Co-authored)
"Prabowo-Wang
May 16 Meeting: 75 Years of China-Indonesia Relations and the Complexities Ahead."
Global Policy.
28 May 2025. (Co-authored)
"Indonesia
Should Follow China’s Lead—and Take Donald Trump’s Tariffs to the UN."
Australian Outlook.
19 May 2025. (Co-authored)
"With
BRICS Platform, Indonesia Seeks Global South Solidarity."
China Global South Project.
1 May 2025. (Co-authored)
"Amid
Global Uncertainty, Indonesia Eyes the Middle East to Boost its Clout."
MEI-NUS.
28 April 2025. (Co-authored)
"2+2
Diplomacy: Ceremony Overshadows Substance in Indonesia–China Talks."
China Global South Project.
23 April 2025. (Co-authored)
"Key
Takeaways from Indonesian Parliament Deputy Speaker Eddy Soeparno’s Visit to China."
China Global South Project.
20 April 2025. (Co-authored)
"US
tariffs: Challenges and opportunities for China-Indonesia trade and investment."
Think China.
10 April 2025. (Co-authored)
"U.S.
Tariff War Could Deepen Indonesia’s Ties with China—But Jakarta Holds the Keys."
China Global South Project.
8 April 2025. (Co-authored)
“Strategic
Sustainability: Indonesia’s Green Bet on the ‘BRICS Bank’.”
China Global South Project.
31 March 2025. (Co-authored)
“Central
Java: An Indonesian Province of Interest to China.”
Australian Outlook.
28 March 2025. (Co-authored)
“During
Ramadan, China’s ‘Muslim Diplomacy’ Unfolds in Indonesia.”
The Diplomat.
27 March 2025. (Co-authored)
“Beyond
the Moratorium: Protecting Indonesian Workers in Saudi Arabia.”
Global Policy.
27 March 2025. (Co-authored)
"Chinese
Investment in Prabowo’s Housing Project Must Support Indonesia’s Renewable Energy
Transition."
China Global South Project.
20 March 2025. (Co-authored)
"UAE’s
Green Bet on Indonesia’s Danantara – A Model for the Middle East."
The Geopolitics.
16 March 2025. (Co-authored)
"Influencer Diplomacy."
China Media Project.
13 March 2025. (Co-authored)
"Cheers
to 75 Years: Celebrating the Indonesia-Iran Partnership."
The Geopolitics.
10 March 2025. (Co-authored)
"How
China Can Capitalize on Indonesia’s New $900 Billion Investment Fund."
China Global South Project. 6 March 2025. (Co-authored)
"Middle
East, Minor Shift: What Sugiono’s Qatar Visit Reveals About Indonesia’s Diplomatic Focus."
The Geopolitics. 7 March 2025. (Co-authored)
"Indonesia’s
Manufacturing Gamble: Turning
Trade Wars into Economic Opportunity."
China Global South Project.
24 February 2025.
"Rising
Tide of Criminal Activity Darkens
China-Indonesia Relations."
Australian Outlook. 19 February 2025. (Co-authored)
"Qatar's
Housing Investment Offers Indonesia a Chinese Opportunity But Not Without Serious
Challenges."
MEI-NUS.
31 January 2025. (Co-authored)
"China’s
Expanding Media Diplomacy in
Indonesia: A New Frontier or an Outdated Strategy?"
China Global South Project.
13 November 2024. (Co-authored)
"China,
Indonesia Sign $10 Billion in Deals as Prabowo Visits Beijing."
The Diplomat.
11 November 2024. (Co-authored)
"U.S.
Can Do More Than Just Blocking China-Invested Indonesian Nickel."
China Global South Project.
27 September 2024. (Co-authored)
"China
Space at Istiqlal Mosque: Stepping Up Muslim Diplomacy in Indonesia."
China Global South Project.
20 September 2024. (Co-authored)
"Time
to Pay Attention to Chinese Cyberattacks in Indonesia."
China Global South Project.
10 September 2024. (Co-authored)
"Key
Takeaways From Indonesian Foreign Minister's Visit to China."
China Global South Project.
30 August 2024. (Co-authored)
"In
Indonesia, E-Commerce App Temu Receives a Frosty Reception."
The Diplomat.
21 August 2024. (Co-authored)
"Palestine's
Beijing Declaration: An Indonesian Perspective."
China Global South Project.
1 August 2024. (Co-authored)
"Tension
Brews
in Indonesia over Chinese Ceramics."
China Global South Project.
16 July 2024. (Co-authored)
"Indonesia is Imposing High Import Duties on Chinese Products: Protection or Peril?"
Australian Outlook.
15 July 2024. (Co-authored)
"Chinese EVs Are
Gaining Momentum in Indonesia."
Stratsea.
6 July 2024. (Co-authored)
"Pros
& Cons of China’s Investment Influx In Indonesia’s Textile Sector."
China GlobalSouth Project.
1 July, 2024. (Co-authored)
"Indonesian
Top Minister Luhut Pandjaitan’s 2024 China Visit: Key Takeaways"
China Global South Project,
26 June 2024. (Co-authored)
"Indonesia
Is Handing Out Coal Mines To Religious Groups. Here’s Why China Stands To Benefit."
China Global South Project,
18 June 2024. (Co-authored)
"The
Key Takeaways From Chinese FM Wang
Yi’s Visit to Indonesia."
The Diplomat,
19 April 2024. (Co-authored)
"Can
China Replace JET-P Energy Financing in Indonesia?"
Australian Outlook,
9 April 2024. (Co-authored)
"Indonesia’s
Prabowo Meets China’s Xi on First Visit Since Election."
The Diplomat,
2 April 2024. (Co-authored)
"Whoever
wins the presidential election, Indonesia will remain close to China."
The Conversation,
9 February 2024. (Co-authored)
"Baby
Nepotism and the Future of Indonesian Democracy."
Australian Outlook,
30 January 2024. (Co-authored)
"China-Indonesia
Relations in 2023: A Year-in-Review."
Stratsea,
25 December 2023. (Co-authored)
"Indonesian
Vice President’s Visit to China in September: Key Takeaways."
Indonesia at Melbourne,
17 November 2023. (Co-authored)
"Indonesia’s
election matters for relations with China and the environment."
China Dialogue,
16 November 2023. (Co-authored)
"Addressing
Critical Minerals Governance in U.S.-Indonesia Relations."
The Diplomat,
10 November 2023. (Co-authored)
"The
AIIB’s Climate Action Plan and Its Impacts on Indonesia."
Stratsea,
31 October, 2023. (Co-authored)
"How
green is China’s Belt and Road investment in Indonesia?"
Indonesia at Melbourne,
27 October 2023. (Co-authored)
"In
Rempang, Indonesia, Government Mismanagement Upsets Investment Plans."
Australian Outlook,
10 October 2023. (Co-authored)
"ASEAN
Summit 2023 Will not Bring Breakthroughs in China-ASEAN relations."
Australian Outlook,
8 September 2023. (Co-authored)
"Horror in the Sea."
Stratsea,
28 August 2023. (Co-authored)
“The
China-Indonesia-Russia Trilateral Meeting and What it Means.”
Australian Outlook.
8 August 2023. (Co-authored)
“Chinese
Workers in Indonesia Need Protection, Too.”
The Diplomat.
4 August 2023. (Co-authored)
“Jokowi’s
China visit – new deals, old problems.”
Indonesia at Melbourne.
3 August 2023. (Co-authored)
“Mixue
on the march: ice cream serves soft power for China in Southeast Asia.”
The Conversation.
17 July 2023. (Co-authored)
“Presidential
Candidate Ganjar Pranowo Promises a Strong Lean Toward China.”
Australian Outlook.
14 July 2023. (Co-authored)
“Prabowo and China.”
Stratsea.
12 July 2023. (Co-authored)
“Why
Indonesian Presidential Candidate Anies Baswedan is Likely Bad News for China.”
Australian Outlook.
8 June 2023. (Co-authored)
“Indonesia
should reject China’s request to put state budget as collateral for Jakarta-Bandung
high-speed train project.”
The Conversation.
3 May 2023. (Co-authored)
“China
is Still Far-off from Becoming Indonesia’s Partner in Energy Transition.”
Stratsea.
17 April 2023. (Co-authored)
“Indonesia-China:
a smart city can make for clever politics.”
Lowy Institute.
4 April 2023. (Co-authored)
“Accidents
on Chinese projects are rampant, but why does Indonesia’s economy still depend on China?”
The Conversation.
31 March 2023. (Co-authored)
“Why
Indonesia is wary of China’s new development, security initiatives?”
South China Morning Post.
12 February 2023. (Co-authored)
"Two
Ways Indonesia is Helping China Persecute the Uyghurs."
The Diplomat.
8 February 2023. (Co-authored)
"Indonesia Newly
Aggressive in South China Sea."
Asia Sentinel.
8 February 2023. (Co-authored)
"Indonesia
Uneasily Welcomes Chinese Tourists."
Asia Sentinel.
20 January 2022. (Co-authored)
"Chinese
and Indonesian Workers Clash at Indonesian Nickel Plant."
The Diplomat.
17 January 2023. (Co-authored)
"China Earns a
Black Eye in Indonesian Palm Oil."
Asia Sentinel.
17 January 2023. (Co-authored)
"China-led Dam
Project Under Fire in Sumatra."
Asia Sentinel.
3 January 2023. (Co-authored)
"What
Protests in China Really Mean for Indonesia."
Fair Observer.
18 December 2022. (Co-authored)
"China's
Expanding Health Diplomacy in Indonesia."
The Diplomat.
16 November 2022. (Co-authored)
"China-US Rivalry
Muted at ASEAN Conclave."
Asia Sentinel.
13 November 2022. (Co-authored)
"Is Jokowi's Nusantara
the Chinese Dream?"
Asia Sentinel.
26 September 2022. (Co-authored)
"Indonesia Gets Ready For RCEP."
Asia Sentinel.
13 September 2022. (Co-authored)
"Can
Chinese students learning Indonesian help bridge cultural gap, boost bilateral ties?"
South China Morning Post.
11 September 2022. (Co-authored)
"Nickel, Indonesia's
Poisoned Chalice: Destroying its own environment to green Chinese cities."
Asia Sentinel.
30 August 2022. (Co-authored)
"Report
says Southeast Asia’s first high-speed train project in Indonesia is not friendly for people
with disabilities. What should the government do?"
The Conversation.
27 June 2022. (Co-authored)
"China's
Covid Lockdown hits Indonesian Consumers."
Asia Sentinel.
1 June 2022.
"3 important
facts about China-led Jakarta-Bandung Rail Project."
Asia Sentinel.
11 April 2022. (Co-authored)
"Belt
and Road Initiative in Indonesia: Green Headache."
Asia Sentinel.
28 February 2022. (Co-authored)
"The
Growing China-Indonesia-UAE Trilateral Relations."
The Diplomat.
22 February 2022. (Co-authored)
"The
China Factor in Indonesia’s New Capital City Plan."
The Diplomat.
11 February 2022. (Co-authored)
"Huawei
digital talent programme: Another source of China's soft power in Indonesia."
ThinkChina.
3 February 2022. (Co-authored)
"ACFTA Pact: Hardly
Win-Win for ASEAN."
Asia Sentinel.
7 November 2021.
"Understanding
ASEAN’s silence behind AUKUS agreement."
The Conversation.
11 October 2021. (Co-authored)
"Indonesia
tries to embrace Chinese language but problems persist."
The Conversation.
18 August 2021. (Co-authored)
"Why
Indonesia needs more centres for Chinese economic studies?"
The Conversation.
2 June 2021. (Co-authored)
"China-Indonesia’s
Growing Party-To-Party Cooperation."
Eurasia Review.
3 May 2021. (Co-authored)
"Dilema
New Normal, Pemulihan Ekonomi atau Mengancam Nyawa Warga?"
ArwiraNews.
20 july, 2020. (in Bahasa Indonesia).
"Kegagalan Indonesia Mewujudkan Perdamaian
Papua."
Geolive.
19 July, 2020. (in Bahasa Indonesia).
Public speaking
February 2024: "Unveiling China's
'Muslim Diplomacy' in Indonesia: Strategies to Counter Criticism on Xinjiang" in a talk
organised by Hong Kong Institute for the Humanities and Social Sciences, the University of Hong
Kong - Hong Kong. January 2024: "China-Indonesia
Relations: 2023 Year in Review and 2024 Outlook" in a book launch organised by Center of
Economic and Law Studies and Universitas Gadjah Mada - Yogyakarta, Indonesia. December 2023: "China's Muslim
Diplomacy in Indonesia" in the 2023 China in the World Summit - Taipei, Taiwan.
August 2023: “Indonesia’s Nickel
Downstreaming Benefiting Industrialization of Other Countries? A Review of Islamic Political
Economy” Organized by Institut Muslimah Negarawan - Jakarta, Indonesia.
August 2023: “Mapping The Interactions
Of Three 2024 Indonesia Presidential Candidates with China” Speaker at “Policy Brief CELIOS
Launching” - Jakarta, Indonesia.
June 2023: “Polemic on Chinese
Investment in Indonesia” Speaker at “Policy Paper CELIOS Launching” - Jakarta, Indonesia.
July 2021: “Students Writing Books:
Why and How?” Teacher at “Kelas Langit” at Quarter Institute - Indonesia.
Cited in media
Menjamurnya
Konten‑Konten Disinformasi Pro‑Cina.
Tempo.
19 June 2025.
La “bài ẩm
thực” trong quyền lực mềm của Trung Quốc.
Vietnam.vn.
24 March 2025.
印尼加入金磚集團 美國前總統川普恐威脅制裁.
CNA Taiwan.
19 February 2025.
印尼加入金磚恐遭川普制裁？專家示警美國可施壓貿易.
CTS News Taiwan.
19 February 2025.
BRICS
Berisiko, Ekonom Wanti‑wanti Ketergantungan Indonesia pada China.
Kabar Bursa.
9 January 2025.
CELIOS
Nilai Trump Jadi Tantangan bagi Negara Anggota BRICS.
Harian Inhua.
9 January 2025.
Indonesia
Joins BRICS Despite Concerns Over Potential Trump Threats.
IntelliNews.
9 January 2025.
Menjadi
Anggota BRICS: Ekonom Wanti‑wanti Ancaman Donald Trump terhadap Indonesia.
Portal Hukum.
8 January 2025.
Ekonom
Ungkap Potensi Negatif dan Peluang Indonesia Gabung BRICS.
Validnews.
8 January 2025.
Indonesia
Gabung BRICS Manfaatkan Potensi Investasi Hijau.
Bisnis.com.
8 January 2025.
Awas,
AS Bisa Kenakan Tarif 100 Persen ke Negara BRICS.
Top Business.
8 January 2025.
Indonesia
Resmi Masuk Geng BRICS, Ini Dia Keuntungan dan Kerugiannya.
Infobank News.
7 January 2025.
CELIOS:
78 Persen Responden Dukung RI Netral dalam Persaingan AS‑China.
Antara News.
15 November 2024.
Studi
CELIOS: 51% Masyarakat Indonesia Percaya China Mampu Memimpin Dunia.
Arus Bawah.
15 November 2024.
Mau
BRICS atau OECD, Prabowo Akan Manfaatkan Semua Pintu Cari Peluang Ekonomi.
Inilah.com.
14 November 2024.
CELIOS:
Kerjasama Indonesia – China di Era Prabowo Harus Mengarah pada Transisi
Energi Bersih.
Ruang Energi.
11 November 2024.
中國電動車稱霸印尼：將造成依賴與汙染雙重危機?.
Yahoo Taiwan.
1 November 2024.
Indonesia’s
Electric Vehicle Boom Sparks Concerns Amidst Chinese Dominance.
VOA Cantonese.
1 November 2024.
Ekonomi
China Diproyeksi Melambat, CELIOS Nilai Bergabung ke BRICS Kurang
Menguntungkan.
FaceNews.
31 October 2024.
Indonesia
Bergabung dengan BRICS, Peneliti CELIOS Berikan Masukan.
Radar Kaur.
30 October 2024.
Menakar
Untung Rugi Bila Indonesia Gabung Jadi Anggota BRICS.
Tirto.id.
29 October 2024.
BRICS
Dinilai Tidak Menjawab Kebutuhan Indonesia Jadi Negara Maju 2045.
Kontan.
28 October 2024.
Makin
Tergantung dengan China, Indonesia Disarankan Gabung OECD ketimbang BRICS.
Inilah.com.
28 October 2024.
Keanggotaan
Indonesia di BRICS Bakal Pengaruhi Aksesi OECD.
Neraca.
28 October 2024.
Makin
Tergantung China, RI Disarankan Gabung OECD Daripada BRICS.
Politiknesia.
28 October 2024.
Ragam
Reaksi terhadap Keinginan Indonesia Bergabung dengan BRICS.
Tempo.
28 October 2024.
Melihat
Potensi Dampak Ekonomi Indonesia Gabung BRICS.
Kompas.com.
27 October 2024.
Indonesia
di Pusaran Dilema BRICS, OECD dan Dedolarisasi.
Bloomberg Technoz.
26 October 2024.
中國對印尼鎳業的影響
— 6do World.
1 October 2024.
中國電動車稱霸印尼，將造成依賴與汙染雙重危機.
Sohu.
24 July 2024.
BPS
Catat Dominasi Produk Impor Cina di Indonesia, Diprediksi Akan Berlanjut di Masa
Prabowo-Gibran.
Tempo.co.
15 July 2024.
Pemerintah
Diminta Tegas Lindungi UMKM Tekstil dari China.
Kabar Bursa.
25 June 2024.
Harga Material di IKN
Tidak Terkontrol.
BPK RI.
12 June 2024.
Indonésie, nickel et Chine
: les dessous d’une dépendance
— Asialyst.
14 February 2024.
Insiden
Smelter China Berulang, Ini Daftar Insiden Sejak 2018.
Bloomberg Technoz.
25 December 2023.
Ekonom:
Keanggotaan RI di BRICS Berpotensi Pengaruhi Aksesi OECD.
Antara News.
26 October 2023.
The
Impact of Closing the TikTok Shop is Estimated Not to Be Long.
Kompas.id.
8 October 2023.
Dampak
Penutupan TikTok Shop Diperkirakan Tak Lama.
Kompas.id.
4 October 2023.
Permendag
No 31/2023 Mengakui 6 Model Bisnis.
Kompas.id.
27 September 2023.
Fenomena
Live Shopping: Peluang, Tantangan, dan Proyeksi Masa Depan.
Markey.
18 September 2023.
Live
Shopping on the Rise in Indonesia.
ABC News.
17 September 2023.
Live
Shopping Indonesia hingga Untung Miliaran dalam Satu Jam.
ABC News Indonesia.
17 September 2023.
Utang
Indonesia ke China Makin Bengkak Capai Rp316,8 T.
Bloomberg Technoz.
15 August 2023.
Kembalinya
Poros Jakarta-Peking yang Bucin setelah Puluhan Tahun Rujuk.
Inilah.com.
13 August 2023.
Ganjar-Prabowo
Pro-China: CELIOS: Arah hubungan Indonesia-China tak akan banyak
berubah.
BenarNews.
8 August 2023.
Lembaga
riset: Ganjar Pranowo dan Prabowo Subianto kandidat presiden cenderung
pro-China.
BenarNews.
7 August 2023.
印尼總統訪中 聚焦經濟與習近平會晤.
CNA Taiwan.
6 August 2023.
Le
président indonésien Jokowi se rend en Chine pour rencontrer Xi Jinping et se
concentrer sur l’économie.
Rapide Info.
27 July 2023.
CELIOS
Nilai Proyek Infrastruktur Jalur Sutra Cina di Indonesia Sebesar USD 20,3
Miliar.
Tempo.co.
17 June 2023.
CELIOS
Beberkan Negara Terkena Jebakan Utang China, Bagaimana di Indonesia?
Tempo.co.
17 June 2023.
Mengukur
Potensi Jebakan Utang.
Kompas.id.
16 June 2023.
Saatnya
Pilah-pilih Investasi China yang Berkualitas.
Kontan.co.id.
15 June 2023.
Fieldwork experiences
Southeast Asia
Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos.
East Asia
South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau.
Africa
South Africa
Europe
Greece, Poland, Czechia, Austria, Croatia, Slovenia, Turkey, Malta, Belgium, France, Italy, Switzerland,
The Netherlands, and Finland.
